Both XGS-PON and XG-PON belong to10G-GPON（https://hello-signal.com/onu-olt/）, the main difference is the uplink line rate of the PON port: XGS-PON is 10G, XG-PON is 2.5G. Therefore, XGS-PON is suitable for upgrading PON ports with high upstream bandwidth utilization in existing GPON networks.
According to the actual test, the actual peak bandwidth utilization of PON ports (including GPON ports in Combo ports) (second level, within a week interval) is higher than 20%, accounting for less than 1%.
Obviously, it is not necessary to upgrade to XG-PON or XGS-PON for PON ports with very low peak bandwidth utilization. Therefore, we only need to analyze PON ports with high peak bandwidth utilization.
Except for individual first-tier cities where corporate or institutional headquarters are very concentrated, the upstream bandwidth utilization of PON ports in other cities is generally lower than that of downstream. This is of course caused by the needs of users, but the needs of users are also suppressed. Although the downlink of home broadband users is generally upgraded to 300M, 500M or even 1000M, the uplink of most urban users is still limited to about 30M ~ 100M (the maximum uplink rate limited by different cities is different), this is probably one of the reasons why the upstream bandwidth utilization rate of the PON port is generally low.
Of course, the construction of XG-PON and XGS-PON platform (OLT Optical Line Terminal) is not to meet the current needs, but to meet the needs of gigabit business development in a certain period of time in the future. It is also the need for the development of the information industry. Therefore, a moderate advance deployment is also necessary.
The XGS-PON should be accurately deployed according to the actual bandwidth utilization of the PON port in the existing network, and an appropriate amount of redundancy should be reserved. Cities with many corporate or institutional headquarters should deploy XGS-PON, but the total number of PON ports deployed at present should not exceed 1% of the total number of PON ports on the existing network; Other first- and second-tier cities and provincial capitals can be equipped with one XGS-PON user board in the necessary comprehensive service area according to their needs (no need to equip if not necessary). Third-tier and lower non-provincial capital cities do not need to deploy XGS-PON.